Main complications connected with detection, identification and determination of trace organic constituents in complex matrix samples

It is well known that some problems with the determination of organic analytes at trace level can occur. This issue is connected with contamination during each stage of the analytical procedure from sampling to sample preparation up to chromatographic analysis, which often leads to false-positive or overestimated results. Another problem associated with determination of analytes occurs at trace- and ultra-trace level is a background problem which is mainly dictated by techniques, glassware and solvents. This review provides information on main complications connected with determination of trace organic constituents in complex matrix samples. Error sources in the field of determination of trace analytes are described in detail. In addition, the type of the background in each of the stapes of analytical procedure is summarized.