Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7687632 | TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry | 2018 | 19 Pages |
Abstract
Emerging persistent organic pollutants (ePOPs) include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonate (POSF/PFOS), which are newly listed in the Stockholm Convention. Other ePOPs, which have not been regulated, include organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and other perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Often ePOPs data related to occurrence, toxicity, impact or environmental behavior are insufficient or inadequate because of the lack of proper analytical methods to obtain them. Thus, a critical review of the analytical procedures proposed in the last six years (2011-2017) for determining ePOPs by chromatographic methods in the different compartments of the aquatic ecosystems is presented. The overall analytical procedure, from sampling to final determination, is emphasized presenting recent developments in the extraction, pre-concentration, and instrumental detection needed for the accurate quantification of ePOPs in environmental samples. Finally, this review examines the basic challenges we face in order to anticipate future directions and urgent needs of this field.
Keywords
NCIESISRMLOQPDMSTPPSECCLCDVBLLESFCAPCIPLEPFRPFOAPFOSPSAPerfluorobutane sulfonateDCMIMSSPEICPPBDEACNAPPIACEPFPUHPLCQuEChERSDADNLCTFCGCxGCAcOHMSPDDLLMEGPCSPMMTBEHBCDPFASDBDPEperfluoroalkyl sulfonic acidsFOSATBBPAHRMSPFBSPFBAPBTLLPPRMIDAILLDSPEDDAEtAcpentafluorophenylTDCPPBTBPEPFCATBAsTMPPSPLEQqQGCBPerfluorooctane sulfonyl fluorideQuadrupole linear ion traphrpSTris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphateLiquid-liquid partitionLDTDQqTOFUPC2Laser diode thermal desorptionPFSACarboxenSPMETCIPPTPHPTEHPtris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphateQqLITDispersive liquid-liquid microextractionMS/MSAtmospheric pressure photoionizationTetrabromobisphenol-APersistent organic pollutantEthyl acetateAmmonium acetateExtractionSolid-liquid extractionDispersive solid-phase extractionSolid-phase extractionLiquid-liquid extractionSelective pressurized liquid extractionPressurized Liquid ExtractionUseAcetoneAcetonitrileAcetic acidFormic acidperfluorobutanoic acidperfluoroalkyl carboxylic acidsfluorotelomer alcoholsAquatic ecosystemOrganophosphate flame retardantOrganophosphorus flame retardantsMAEsolid-phase microextractiontriphenyl phosphateTris(2-chloroethyl) phosphateTricresyl phosphatedirect injectiondiode array detectionAnalytical determinationFTOHSample treatmentDecabromodiphenyl ethanePolybrominated diphenyl etherdivinylbenzeneDichloromethaneECNINovel brominated flame retardantsDIAquadrupole time-of-flightTCEPPerfluorooctane sulfonateUltrasound assisted extractionMass spectrometryhigh-resolution mass spectrometryTandem mass spectrometryreversed phaseWastewaterAmmonium formateheadspaceLodSLEMatrix solid-phase dispersionperfluoroalkyl substanceCARImmobilized ionic liquidMicrowave assisted extractionWeak anion exchangeMethanolmethyl tert-Butyl etherlimit of quantificationlimit of detectionPerfluoroalkyl substancesWaxMeOHselected reaction monitoringParallel reaction monitoringHexHexabromocyclododecanehexanepopPerfluorooctanoic acidinductively coupled plasmaPolydimethylsiloxaneTriple quadrupoleSize exclusion chromatographyTurbulent flow chromatographyliquid chromatographyhigh performance liquid chromatographyUltra-high performance liquid chromatographySupercritical fluid chromatographyCapillary liquid chromatographyNano liquid chromatographyHPLCUltra-performance convergence chromatographyGel permeation chromatographycomprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographyGas chromatographyInformation dependent acquisitiongraphitized carbon blackelectrospray ionizationelectron ionizationchemical ionizationatmospheric pressure chemical ionizationNegative chemical ionization
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
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Analytical Chemistry
Authors
MarÃa Lorenzo, Julián Campo, Yolanda Picó,