Nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensors for cardiac troponin recognition: An illustrated review

Cardiac troponins (I and T) have been recommended as the biomarkers of choice for the serological diagnosis and prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) because of their high sensitivity and specificity. Sensor designing has been developed by nanotechnology revolution presenting faster detection and better reproducibility. This review highlights the nanotechnology impact on electrochemical immunosensor that have been developed for the determination of cardiac troponin and provides an overview of the various types of nano based diagnostic methods, along with significant advances over the last several years in related technologies. It is critically important to diagnose Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) at early stages of its progression, which allows successful treatment and recovery of patients. Therefore, it is essential to develop simple and sensitive CVD diagnostic methods that can detect cardiac troponin as biomarker based on different types of nanomaterials and their developmental and implicational aspects at very low concentrations in biological fluids.