Wine science in the metabolomics era

Metabolomics approaches have proved valuable in a wide range of areas of knowledge. This review covers the latest advances in the past five years concerning wine chemistry, thanks to the development of metabolomics approaches. The combination of powerful, robust analytical techniques (NMR, LC-MS, GC-MS, FTICR, UHPLC, and CE) provides high-dimensional data that require advanced chemometric tools in order to handle these datasets appropriately and to assess the chemical composition holistically. Metabolomics studies offer the analysis of as many metabolites as possible to carry out unbiased discrimination and/or classification according to variety, origin, vintage and quality and to enable integration of all time-related metabolic changes of wine history throughout its elaborate processing to assure wine authentication and to preclude adulteration.