Synthesis and bioanalytical applications of nanostructures multiloaded with quantum dots

This review focuses on selected examples of multiloaded quantum-dot (QD) nanocomposites as novel concepts and promising labels for bioimaging and analysis. As bright, excellent, 10-nm-sized labels, providing high-intensity signal, QDs can reach higher levels when multiloaded into a single biocompatible nanocontainer. QD-containing nanocomposites combine the properties of both materials (i.e., luminescent and electrochemical characteristics of the entrapped QDs and permeability, solubility, reactivity or biocompatibility of the carrier). Approaches described include multiple QD-containing nanocomposites with different carriers - organic (dendrimers and layer-by-layer hollow microcapsules), inorganic (carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles) and of a combined nature. We also consider and discuss promising applications in bioanalysis.