Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7703592 | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry | 2018 | 33 Pages |
Abstract
In this study, treatment of an antibiotic compound amoxicillin by medium-high frequency ultrasonic irradiation and/or ozonation has been studied. Ultrasonic irradiation process was carried out in a batch reactor for aqueous amoxicillin solutions at three different frequencies (575, 861 and 1141Â kHz). The applied ultrasonic power was 75Â W and the diffused power was calculated as 14.6Â W/L. The highest removal was achieved at 575Â kHz ultrasonic frequency (>99%) with the highest pseudo first order reaction rate constant 0.04Â minâ1 at pH 10 but the mineralization achieved was around 10%. Presence of alkalinity and humic acid species had negative effect on the removal efficiency (50% decrease). To improve the poor outcomes, ozonation had been applied with or without ultrasound. Ozone removed the amoxicillin at a rate 50 times faster than ultrasound. Moreover, due to the synergistic effect, coupling of ozone and ultrasound gave rise to rate constant of 2.5Â minâ1 (625 times higher than ultrasound). In the processes where ozone was used, humic acid did not show any significant effect because the rate constant was so high that ozone has easily overcome the scavenging effects of natural water constituents. Furthermore, the intermediate compounds, after the incomplete oxidation mechanisms, has been analyzed to reveal the possible degradation pathways of amoxicillin through ultrasonic irradiation and ozonation applications. The outcomes of the intermediate compounds experiments and the toxicity was investigated to give a clear explanation about the safety of the resulting solution. The relevance of all the results concluded that hybrid advanced oxidation system was the best option for amoxicillin removal.
Keywords
IUPACNISTTOCNPOCAOPUSGSLC-MSEPAGC–MS/MSLC-MS/MSPharmaceutical pollutionAmoxicillinEnvironmental Protection AgencyEuropean UnionInternational Union of Pure and Applied ChemistryEDTAEthylenediaminetetraacetic acidUltravioletOzoneUnited States of AmericaUSADrinking water treatmentWastewater treatmentWorld Health OrganizationUnited States Geological SurveyLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometryLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryUltrasoundAdvanced oxidation processeshalf maximal effective concentrationgas chromatography tandem mass spectrometryWHO
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry
Chemistry (General)
Authors
Rana Kıdak, Åifa DoÄan,