Fully printable perovskite solar cells with highly-conductive, low-temperature, perovskite-compatible carbon electrode

Functional additives of titanium (IV) isopropoxide, acetic acid, and α-terpineol which can generate polymeric Ti-O-Ti species acting as binder was developed and deployed to prepare low temperature carbon paste. With the presence of the functional additives, the low-temperature carbon paste exhibits high electrical conductivity of 1.13 × 104 S m−1, which corresponds to a sheet resistance of 4.4 Ω □−1 for a typical 20 μm film, superior to the transparent FTO/ITO electrode (15 Ω □−1) and is robust and compatible with perovskite. Meanwhile, it can further decrease the series resistance of fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (MPSCs) from 21 Ω cm2 to 13 Ω cm2 by initially adjust the structure of MPSCs and also brings a new perspective for its large scale application.374