Effect of synthesis temperature on the phase structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of Ti3C2 as an anode material for Li-ion batteries

Ti3C2, the most widely studied MXene, was successfully synthesised by etching Al layers from Ti3AlC2 in HF solution. Given its distinct 2D layered structure, Ti3C2 is a promising anode material in Li-ion batteries because of its efficient ion transport, available large surface areas for improved ion adsorption and fast surface redox reactions. Herein, the effects of synthesis temperature on the phase structure, morphology and electrochemical performance were investigated. The materials synthesised at different temperatures were characterised by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Optimal etching occurred at 100 °C, and the synthesised Ti3C2 exhibited smooth surface and large layer space. The synthesised Ti3C2, as anode material for Li-ion batteries, can accommodate more Li+ than those of others, and it exhibits the most ideal electrochemical performance.