Interactions of MgO·Al2O3 spinel with Cu, Cu2O and copper matte at high temperature

Magnesia-chrome refractory has been used in the copper industry for decades, and the chromium in the used refractory has been proved to have the risk to harm the environment. A reliable chromium-free refractory is urged to replace the chromium-containing refractory in the future. In the present study, MgO·Al2O3 spinel was systematically tested with Cu, Cu2O, and industrial matte respectively at 1300 °C. All samples were directly quenched into the water after the experiments and examined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The molten Cu and MgO·Al2O3 spinel did not react and showed a low wettability, while limited reactions between the spinel and matte were detected. However, severe reactions occurred between the spinel and Cu2O at 1300 °C. The possible applications of the spinel in the copper-making industry are discussed based on the experimental results.