The effect of magnesium content on in vitro bioactivity, biological behavior and antibacterial activity of sol-gel derived 58S bioactive glass

Results revealed that magnesium-substituted 58 S BG with 5 mol% MgO (BG-5) had the highest formation rate of hydroxyapatite (HA) while substitution of 8 mol% and10 mol% MgO (BG-8 and BG-10) lowered the bioactivity. MTT and ALP results confirmed that the substitution of the MgO up to 5 mol% increased both proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, while more substitution had a negative effect and resulted in a decrease of proliferation and differentiation in BG-8 and BG-10. The result of antibacterial test showed that MBGs exhibited antibacterial effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. Taken together, results suggest that, among all the synthesized MBGs, sample BG-5 is a promising candidate as multifunctional biomaterial for bone tissue engineering with maximum cell proliferation and ALP activity, good bioactivity and high antibacterial efficiency against MRSA bacteria. Eventually, the BG-5 is suggested to be used in segmental defects in rat model in vivo.