Ferroelectric, upconversion emission and optical thermometric properties of color-controllable Er3+-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3 ferroelectrics

The (0.98-x)(0.6Pb(Mg1/3Nb1/3)O3-0.4PbTiO3)-xPb(Yb1/3Nb1/3)O3-0.02Pb(Er1/2Nb1/2)O3 ((0.98-x)(PMN-PT)-xPYN:Er3+) ceramics were prepared through a solid-state reaction method. The phase structure, piezoelectric response, ferroelectric performance and upconversion emission of the ceramics were systematically investigated. The phase structure, the electrical and optical properties are strongly related to the content of PYN. The optimized piezoelectric response and upconversion emissions of the ceramics were achieved near x = 0.12, which locates in the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition. Furthermore, the temperature sensing behaviors of the resultant compounds based on the thermally coupled levels of 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 of Er3+ ions in the temperature range of 133-573 K were studied by utilizing the fluorescence intensity ratio technique. Additionally, the thermal effect, which is induced by the laser pump power, of the studied ceramics is also investigated and the produced temperature is enhanced from 268 to 348 K with the pump power rising from 109 to 607 mW.