Optimal Operation for Integrated Residential Distributed Energy Resources Considering Internal Reserve

In recent years, an increasing number of distributed energy resources (DERs) in residential sector began to have an impact on electrical system operation. Especially, through massive introduction of photovoltaic power generation like rooftop solar, it became difficult to balance supply and demand of electricity in some area of Japan. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes integrated system of residential DERs which secure the supply reserve internally. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model of integrated system is developed, and verified by case studies. The results of case study shows that the operation which secures internal reserve of 20% of PV generation can be performed by about 2% increase of the total cost.