Analysis, design and fabrication of optical waveguides for Mach-Zehnder Interferometry

In this work, we developed an efficient monomodal waveguide with an integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configuration. We considered two different types of MZI configurations, one with an angular and another with an S-bend Y-junction. We were able to determine the critical cut-off angle for the angular Y-junction and the critical cut-off radius for the S-bend Y-junction. These critical parameters, typically requiring nanoscale resolution, ensure minimal optical losses, providing an extremely sensitive waveguide system with applications in MEMS-based biosensing.