Design and thermal performance optimization of a forced collective solar hot water production system in Morocco for energy saving in residential buildings

The most relevant findings from this research paper are presented as follows. Incrementing the collector's field area to 120 m2 optimizes the thermal efficiency of the collective system, and the hydraulic booster consumption is reduced. Besides, it would be advantageous to use a total area of 80 m2 to satisfy the hot water need demand over the four seasons, since the overall collective system thermal efficiency remain above 60%. Moreover, is was possible to ensure a seasonal solar fraction which is greater than 50% by connecting a collective storage tank with a volume of 1500 l and a solar collector panel with an area of 100 m2. Last but not least, the effect of the row's number as well as the number of collectors connected per row on the overall collective system's solar fraction was also investigated through this study.