Design of an innovative and simplified polar heliostat for integration in buildings and urban environments

Finally, in this paper, the systematic pointing error of the polar heliostat, and its dependence on the dimensions of the device, has been analyzed, finding out that the average errors decrease as the ratio between the dimensions of the deformable polygon and the thread pitch of axis A-A′ increases. Particularly, for the dimensions of the polar heliostat presented, the average pointing error of the device proposed is ε¯ = 2.96 mrad (with a standard deviation of σɛ = 3.11 mrad), which is acceptable for small urban applications.