Semiconductor quantum dots

Three-dimensionally confined semiconductor quantum dots have emerged to be a versatile material system with unique physical properties for a wide range of device applications. With the advances in nanotechnology and material growth techniques for both epitaxial and colloidal quantum dots, recently the research has been shifted largely towards quantum dot based devices for practical applications. In this short review, we have tried to assemble a selection of recent advances in the areas of quantum dots for computing and communications, solid state lighting, photovoltaics, and biomedical applications that highlight the state of the art.