Simulation of temperature and stress distributions in functionally graded materials synthesized by a spark plasma sintering process

► We investigate temperature and stress distributions in the FGM during SPS process. ► A stable axial temperature gradient in the specimen can be achieved in SPS process. ► Increasing heating rate will increase temperature and stress gradient in the die. ► The maximum hydrostatic stress is produced at the final heating stage. ► Hydrostatic stress and stress gradient are positively related to the heating rate.