PMMA-assisted Li deposition towards 3D continuous dendrite-free lithium anode

PMMA in electrolytes could enable a 3D continuous sponge-like lithium depositions with blunt dendrite-proof surface. Upon discharging, lithium ions could react with PMMA and become immobilized. These pre-trapped lithium ions are then in-situ reduced into initial lithium seeds to guide sequential lithium deposition at the vicinity, ending up with a morphology modeled after the 3D PMMA molecular chains. Such morphology provides 3D continuous pathways for fast electron transport to eliminate dead Li formation without the help of foreign host. Li-LCO full cells equipped with such lithium anode present greatly enhanced performance and highly preserved morphology upon rate testing and cycling.322