Chemically modified morphologies of vanadium pentoxide as superior cathode material for lithium ion battery

Different morphologies of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) have been synthesized via a facile, eco-friendly, bottom-up and self-assembly approach using hydrothermal process at low temperature for the first time. The as-prepared V2O5 plate-like structure shows excellent lithium storage and rate capability compared to tube-like structure and commercial V2O5 powder. The specific capacity of V2O5 plate can reach 470 mA h g−1 at the first cycle with a current density, 17 mA g−1 (about 0.05 C) and 110-120 mA h g−1 at high current density, 1360 mA g−1 (about 13 C). The gravimetric energy densities of the plate-like V2O5 structure can achieve 1073 W h kg−1 and 722 W h kg−1 with the current densities of 51 mA g−1 and 680 mA g−1, respectively.