Single-step electrospray deposited nitrogen-doped ZnO nanosheets yield hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells

Electrospraying technique has been used for the one-step deposition of electron-rich nitrogen-doped ZnO (N-ZnO) nanosheets (NS,s) as a novel electron transporting layers (ETL,s) for highly efficient and hysteresis-free hybrid perovskite solar cells. The perovskite devices based on NZO NS,s demonstrate the average power conversion efficiency (PCEavg) of 14.4% and the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCEmax) of 15.91%, owing to their better morphology, conductivity and optical transmittance which enhances the faster transfer of electrons and better infiltration of perovskite absorber into the oxide layer.