Fabrication of biodegradable materials with high strength by grain refinement of Mg-0.3 at.% Ca alloys

The effect of grain refinement on the yield stress of magnesium with calcium as the solid solute was investigated. Ultra-grain refinement down to 0.5 μm by extrusion under the controlled Zener-Hollomon parameter resulted in a high tensile yield stress over 400 MPa for biodegradable devices.