Fast vaporizing anti-solvent for high crystalline perovskite to achieve high performance perovskite solar cells

We have deeply studied vaporized anti-solvents effects on the perovskite solar cell performance. Various non polar anti-solvents were tested to achieve the high quality perovskite film. Depending on the boiling point of the anti-solvent, the surface morphology is dramatically changed. In case of high boiling point anti-solvent, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (180.5 °C) remains on the perovskite surface even after thermal annealing at 100 °C for 10 min. However, the low boiling point chloroform (61.2 °C) anti-solvent makes smooth surface morphology of the perovskite film which leads the high performance of perovskite solar cells. This report introduces the vaporization of the anti-solvent affect the surface morphology that needs careful optimization for high performance perovskite solar cells.