Fabry-Perot-like interference security image structures: From passive to active

In this short review, we first describe the basic principles behind passive interference security image structures (ISIS) and the qualities which have resulted in their integration into most important documents. Various features which have been added to ISIS in order to make them harder to duplicate yet simpler to authenticate are also presented (metamerism, magnetic materials, diffraction, etc.). We then address the implementation of active materials, mainly electrochromic WO3 as a means of generating two-level authentication devices. Finally, we discuss some general considerations to keep in mind when developing features for security applications.