M-shell ionization cross sections by proton impact on gold in the binary-encounter approximation

The M-subshell ionization cross sections by proton impact on gold have been calculated in the binary-encounter approximation. The momentum distribution of target electron is estimated nonrelativistically and relativistically by the use of the hydrogenic model and the Hartree-Fock method. The obtained subshell ionization cross sections are converted into the M-X-ray production cross sections and compared with experimental data and other theoretical calculations. The electronic relativistic effect and the wave-function effect on M-shell ionization cross sections are discussed.