Bending, second-order and buckling analysis of non-prismatic beam-columns by differential quadrature method

Using the proposed method, a rigorous second-order analysis on a beam-column member with variable cross-section and various boundary conditions under different axial and transverse distributed loads can be carried out just by one iteration and without any discretization in the member but instability appears in the results when axial load reaches critical buckling load. Moreover, in order to achieve the accuracy of the results of SBCGS technique, the model must have a large number of subdivisions in FEM method.