Long-term wind and wave energy resource assessment in the South China sea based on 30-year hindcast data

The long-term wind and wave characteristics, and their associated stored power, are investigated in the South China Sea (SCS) from 1986 to 2015. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and WAVEWATCH-III (WW III) are continuously performed to simulate a 30-year wind and wave hindcasts in the entire domain. Comparisons between the simulated and observed wind and wave data show good agreement under extreme typhoon conditions as well. The spatio-temporal patterns of annual, seasonal and monthly averaged wind fields and wind power density, significant wave heights, and wave potential are presented using the 30-year simulated results. Our results show that offshore winds and waves, with mean annual energy densities reaching up to 1100 W/m2 and 65 kW/m, respectively, are relatively stronger than they are nearshore or inland. The most abundant power occurs in December and the least abundant appears in May. Furthermore, wind and wave energy roses of average power potential at 15 typical points across the SCS are calculated at length. The dominant directions for both the wind and waves are consistently NNE, NE, and ENE. Additionally, the wave energy is mainly the result of energy periods (between 6 and 11 s) and significant wave heights (between 1 and 6 m).