Developing a multi-objective framework for expansion planning studies of distributed energy storage systems (DESSs)

This paper presents a framework for expansion planning studies of distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) in high wind penetrated power systems. The main objective is to find optimal location and capacity of DESSs in the viewpoint of independent system operator (ISO) while ensuring the maximum usage of wind farms output generation. Three different criteria are introduced for expansion planning studies. Minimizing wind curtailment cost together with transmission congestion cost are considered to properly deal with the issues associated with the curtailment of wind energy and constraints of transmission network. Furthermore, the minimum normalized profit for all DESSs' owners needs to be maximized to model the requirements of DESSs' owners in the studies. These all the crucial aspects of the DESSs expansion problem are treated via a well-organized posteriori multi-objective (MO) optimization algorithm, i.e. the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The proposed method is applied to the modified IEEE 24-bus test system, and the results are presented to verify the applicability and efficiency of the proposed DESSs planning in a renewable-based power system.