The heat and mass transfer characteristics of superheated steam coupled with non-condensing gases in horizontal wells with multi-point injection technique

The results show that: (a). The model is applicable to wide ranges of SNG pressure, temperature and mass friction of non-condensing gases. (b). Formation heat absorption rate can be monitored or adjusted at heel or toe point. Uniform steam absorption can be achieved when proper injection pressure at heel point is selected. (c). The mass friction of non-condensing gases is a double-edged sword. The advantage of increasing of formation SNG absorption rate can be offset by the decrease of SNG enthalpy. Laboratory test should be conducted to investigate the oil displacement mechanisms of non-condensing gases or superheated steam before selecting the mass friction for each component.