Multi-level investment planning and scheduling under electricity and carbon market dynamics: Retrofit of a power plant with PCC (post-combustion carbon capture) processes

We have developed a multi-period MILP (mixed-integer linear program) with the objective of maximizing NPV (net present value). The model is capable of finding the best investment decision, i.e. whether to invest in a PCC process or pay for the carbon tax/permit. When a PCC process is beneficial, the program determines the number of PCC trains (of different sizes) and the optimal installation time of each process. The model incorporates dynamic electricity and carbon market prices over the planning horizon. This allows the model to define the best operation strategy of a power plant and PCC process to utilize the maximum benefits of market prices by periodic adjustment of power generation and carbon capture rate. With this information, the company can buy or sell carbon permits over the planning horizon when either is more economical.