Interaction between greening and remanufacturing strategies in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain

This article focuses on the interaction between greening and remanufacturing strategies in a dynamic manufacturer-retailer supply chain where the manufacturer produces new products only with raw materials in the first period and manufactures new product with used products (along with raw materials) in the second period, the products made by the two patterns are homogenous. We formulate three two-period Stackelberg models which characterize the effects of manufacturer's collecting options of used products and profit discount in the subsequent period on the pricing, greening and remanufacturing strategies. Some analytical and numerical results of these models are obtained, and some interesting and new insights are derived as follows: (1) dual-collecting pattern not only increase the manufacturer and retailer's profits but also enhances the product's green degree in the first period and improve total collecting effort; (2) different to the static scenario, the manufacturer's profit is independent of who is in charge of collecting used products under single collecting pattern; (3) if the common discount factor of second-period profit increases, the manufacturer will decrease the product's wholesale price in period one, increase the product's green degree quickly in period one, and increase the collecting effort slightly in period two.