Opportunities and obstacles for CO2 mineralization: CO2 mineralization specific frames in the interviews of Finnish carbon capture and storage (CCS) experts

Four of the six frames found hold a quite pessimistic future for CO2 mineralization. In addition, these frames were clearly strengthened when viewed within the global context. The way experts discuss CCS largely frames it in terms of carbon capture and geological storage (CCGS) and pushes CO2 mineralization to the margins. Thus CO2 mineralization is becoming even less likely to be included in policy making. At the same time, the slow progress of CCGS together with low public trust for the safety and sustainability of geological storage could strengthen the optimism found in two expert frames. Eventually this could weaken the pessimistic views and thus lead towards a more optimistic future for CO2 mineralization. However, this would require significant progress in CO2 mineralization technologies and especially increased publicity for such progress.