Molybdenum carbide nanoparticle: Understanding the surface properties and reaction mechanism for energy production towards a sustainable future

Rational design and synthesis of cheap, noble metal-free, thermal/hydrothermal stable and active catalyst for efficient hydrogenation and hydrogen production reaction is crucial towards renewable and sustainable energy generation. This gives the use of molybdenum carbide nanoparticle considerable attention as an alternative to noble metals. However, the industrial application is not yet feasible due to insufficient stability and activity coupled with the lack of detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism. This work discusses the effect of the operating parameters on the properties and morphology of molybdenum carbide nanoparticle, as well as their impact on the catalytic activity. Critical issues such as structural diversity, surface properties, and multiscale reaction modeling are also discussed for better understanding of the reaction mechanism. This is a promising strategy towards synthesis of cost-effective and efficient catalysts for renewable and sustainable energy production.