| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8111488 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | 2018 | 16 Pages |
Abstract
The overall energy efficiency and production costs of the BTL designs evaluated range from 37.9% to 47.6% LHV and â¬17.88-25.41 per GJ of produced fuels, respectively. The BTL concept with the lowest production costs incorporates CFB gasification and FT synthesis. The model deterministic estimates of production costs of this design indicate that a BTL process is not yet competitive with conventional refineries since the biofuel production costs are approximately 8% higher than current market prices. Large scale biofuel production may be possible in the long term through subsidies, crude oil price rises and legislation.
Keywords
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Energy
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Authors
Ioanna Dimitriou, Harry Goldingay, Anthony V. Bridgwater,