A review of hydropower in Austria: Past, present and future development

Hydropower is traditionally an important sector of the Austrian energy system. Approximately, 65.7% of the national electricity generation comes from hydropower. According to the most current numbers, 2882 hydropower plants are feeding into the electricity grid. In total, including hydropower plants for own consumption over 5200 facilities exist. Concerning hydropower potential, a considerable share of 68% is already realized. To reach European and national climate and energy policy objectives (e.g. 20-20-20 targets), Austria has to increase its share of renewable energy sources. For hydropower the national energy strategy of 2010 assumes additional 3.5 TWh (12.6 PJ) until 2015. Thereof, 2.8 TWh (10.1 PJ) should be realized by new constructions and 0.7 TWh (2.5 PJ) by improvements in energy efficiency and revitalization of existing facilities. However, hydropower has its limitations. A further development of hydropower can conflict with environmental targets protecting surface water bodies. Based on a historical survey, this review intends to give an overview of the present situation of hydropower in Austria and its future political, economic and environmental perspectives and challenges.