Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8118369 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | 2015 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyse input-output energy in almond production in Chahrmahal-Va-Bakhtiari province, Iran. Almond production data were collected from producers using the direct questionnaire method. The results reveal that electricity accounted for a large part of the input energy (50%), followed by chemical fertilizers. The average contributions of human labour, chemicals, farmyard manure, diesel fuel and machinery were 6.89%, 6.77%, 4.70%, 4.66% and 3.59% of the total energy input, respectively. The average values of total energy output, net energy gain and energy efficiency were 140.2 GJ haâ1, 77.7 GJ haâ1 and 2.24, respectively. In addition, the average values for energy productivity and specific energy were 19 kg GJâ1 and 0.06 GJ kgâ1, respectively. The average values for direct, indirect, renewable and non-renewable forms of energy were 41.6 GJ haâ1 (66.63%), 20.9 GJ haâ1 (33.36%), 18.3 GJ haâ1 (29.21%) and 44.2 GJ haâ1 (70.79%), respectively.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Energy
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Authors
Mehdi Torki-Harchegani, Rahim Ebrahimi, Mahmood Mahmoodi-Eshkaftaki,