Applications of light-emitting diodes in researches conducted in aquatic environment

With their good energy efficiency and characteristics that allow the adjustment of light intensity and spectral composition, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have opened up new research prospects for nutrition supply, pollution control as well as energy conversion and conservation. The potentials of LED as an effective light source for studies conducted in aquatic environment such as disinfection, fish behavior, biomass production, and photocatalyst activation have been explored to a greater extent since 1980׳s. As the third paper of a series that reviews LEDs׳ applications in scientific researches, this work concentrates in the researches on red, yellow, green, blue, and ultraviolet LEDs׳ applications published since mid-1990. The review is composed to demonstrate that LEDs are well qualified to succeed its more energy demanding counterparts in the research performed in aquatic environment. In addition, the authors have compiled a table that includes the findings covered in their previous works, which list some common types of LEDs and their respective usages in scientific researches.