Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8120607 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | 2014 | 25 Pages |
Abstract
Industrial processes account for one-third of global energy demand. The iron and steel, cement and refining sectors are particularly energy-intensive, together making up over 30% of total industrial energy consumption and producing millions of tonnes of CO2 per year. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the technologies for reducing emissions from industrial processes by collating information from a wide range of sources. The paper begins with a summary of energy consumption and emissions in the industrial sector. This is followed by a detailed description of process improvements in the three sectors mentioned above, as well as cross-cutting technologies that are relevant to many industries. Lastly, a discussion of the effectiveness of government policies to facilitate the adoption of those technologies is presented. Whilst there has been significant improvement in energy efficiency in recent years, cost-effective energy efficient options still remain. Key energy efficiency measures include upgrading process units to Best Practice, installing new electrical equipment such as pumps and even replacing the process completely. However, these are insufficient to achieve the deep carbon reductions required if we are to avoid dangerous climate change. The paper concludes with recommendations for action to achieve further decarbonisation.
Keywords
CDMClimate Change LevyVDUCDUVSDCCLSMRBATTGRETsCCADRIBOFCHPCCSTRTFCCEAFSteelSteam methane reformingBest available technologyEnergy efficiencyCombined Heat and PowerDecarbonizationCarbon capture and storageVariable speed driveEmissions Trading SystemCementEnergy-intensive industryClean Development MechanismCrude Distillation UnitRefiningdirect reduced ironBasic Oxygen FurnaceBlast furnaceelectric arc furnace
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Energy
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Authors
T.A. Napp, A. Gambhir, T.P. Hills, N. Florin, P.S Fennell,