Real-time analysis of low-concentration photovoltaic systems: A review towards development of sustainable energy technology

This article explores the potential of 1 kWP low-concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) system for commercial purposes. Real-time analysis of in-house developed LCPV system shows better performance than the flat panel PV systems. Under actual test conditions (ATC), the open-circuit voltage (VOC) decreases with temperature coefficient of voltage ≈−0.061 V/K. The dynamic resistance is found to have a positive coefficient of module temperature i.e., drd/dT≈0.49 Ω/K. The annual energy generation of 1 kWP LCPV power plant is envisaged as 1747.2 kW h/kWP while the annual average daily final yield, reference yield and array yield were 3.76, 5.09 and 4.29 h/day, respectively. The annual average daily performance ratio and capacity factor are 72% and 14%, respectively. The annual average daily system losses and capture losses are 0.57 and 0.80 h/day correspondingly.