Effect of friction work on key parameters of steam at different state in toe-point injection horizontal wellbores

Results show that: (a) when the effect of friction work was neglected, the predicted steam quality or superheated steam temperature were obviously smaller than field data. (b) While seam quality decreases with distance when wet steam flows in wellbores, superheated steam temperature in annuli has an increase at the heel-point in annuli. This is because the fluid with lower temperature in annuli absorbs heat from steam with higher temperature in IT. (c). In order to obtain a satisfactory oil recovery ratio, field engineers are suggested to increase the injection pressure to a reasonable level based on the rock fracture pressure experiment.