Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8148963 | Journal of Crystal Growth | 2018 | 5 Pages |
Abstract
To investigate the influence of foreign gas inclusion on the crystallization of ice, we studied the low-temperature (74â¯<â¯Tâ¯<â¯160â¯K) vacuum deposition of water molecules mixed with Kr or CH4 in a wide range of H2O/gas mixing ratios (0.004â¯<â¯Râ¯<â¯4) by means of in-situ X-ray diffraction. When H2O vapor containing either Kr or CH4 was condensed onto a cold substrate, ice Ih crystals were found to grow below 130â¯K in a film of amorphous solid water (ASW), whereas pure H2O gas formed only ASW below 135â¯K. Small to moderate concentrations (Râ¯>â¯0.2) of Kr and CH4 enhance the formation of ice Ih and increase the crystal size, while at high foreign gas contents (Râ¯â©½â¯0.2) that may develop Kr or CH4 crystals below 92â¯K, the crystal size and relative amount of ice decrease strongly. The maximum ice Ih crystal size in the order of 200â¯nm was observed with either Kr or CH4 at 92â¯K for Râ¯=â¯0.2. We propose that Kr and CH4 induce the crystallization of ice by acting as a surfactant.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Physics and Astronomy
Condensed Matter Physics
Authors
Taizo Kawauchi, Yoshitaka Yoda, Katsuyuki Fukutani,