On the small-x evolution of the color quadrupole and the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution

Color quadrupoles have been found to be important in the proper description of observables sensitive to the small-x regime in nuclei as well as in the operator definition of the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution. In this Letter, we derive the small-x evolution equation of the quadrupole and the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution without taking the large Nc limit and study the properties of the equation in both dilute and saturation regime. We find that the quadrupole evolution follows the BFKL evolution in the dilute regime and then saturates in the dense region due to nonlinear terms. This leads us to conclude that the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution should obey the same geometrical behavior as the dipole gluon distribution as found in the inclusive DIS measurement.