| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8195160 | Physics Letters B | 2008 | 4 Pages |
Abstract
Quantum electrodynamics predicts that photons undergo one-loop scattering. The combined effect of this on the behaviour of a photon gas for temperatures above â¼1010 K results in a softening of the equation of state. We calculate the effect this has on the effective equation of state in the early universe, taking into account all the species of the Standard Model. The change to the dynamics of the early universe is discussed.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Physics and Astronomy
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Authors
Chris Clarkson, Mattias Marklund,