Holographic foam, dark energy and infinite statistics

Quantum fluctuations of spacetime give rise to quantum foam, and black hole physics dictates that the foam is of holographic type. Applied to cosmology, the holographic model requires the existence of dark energy which, we argue, is composed of an enormous number of inert “particles” of extremely long wavelength. These “particles” necessarily obey infinite statistics in which all representations of the particle permutation group can occur. For every boson or fermion in the present observable universe there could be ∼1031 such “particles”. We also discuss the compatibility between the holographic principle and infinite statistics.