Asymptotics of flat, radiation universes in quadratic gravity

We consider the asymptotics of flat, radiation-dominated isotropic universes in four-dimensional theories with quadratic curvature corrections which may arise when contributions related to the string parameter α′ are switched on. We show that all such universes are singular initially, and calculate all early time asymptotics using the method of asymptotic splittings. We also examine the late time asymptotic behaviour of these models and show that there are no solutions which diverge as et2, the known radiation solution of general relativity is essentially the only late time asymptotic possibility in these models.