Darcy-Forchheimer 3D flow of carbon nanotubes with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions

This article deals with Darcy-Forchheimer three dimensional (3D) flow of water-based carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with heterogeneous-homogeneous reactions. A bidirectional nonlinear extendable surface has been employed to create the flow. Flow in porous space is represented by Darcy-Forchheimer expression. Heat transfer mechanism is explored through convective heating. Equal diffusion coefficients are considered for both auto catalyst and reactants. Results for single-wall (SWCNT) and multi-wall (MWCNT) carbon nanotubes have been presented and compared. The diminishment of partial differential framework into nonlinear ordinary differential framework is made through suitable transformations. Optimal homotopy scheme is used for arrangements development of governing flow problem. Optimal homotopic solution expressions for velocities and temperature are studied through plots by considering various estimations of physical variables. Moreover the surface drag coefficients and heat transfer rate are analyzed through plots.