LB simulation of heat transfer in flow past a square unit of four isothermal cylinders

The lattice Boltzmann method is applied to simulate heat transfer in flow past a square unit of four circular cylinders which its spacing ratio is fixed at L/D=2. The cylinders are isothermal and also equal-diameter. The simulation is carried out at a fixed Prandtl number of 0.71, however, the Reynolds number takes three different values; Re=80, 120 and 200. The D2Q9 model is chosen to simulate fluid flow and the D2Q5 model is employed to simulate heat transfer. It is found that the predictions from the present simulation are excellently in accordance with results obtained from finite element solution of Navier–Stokes and energy equation.