Coveting the successful neighbor promotes the cooperation for the spatial public goods game on two-layered lattices

In this paper, we propose a novel public goods game model with preferential learning mechanism on two-layered lattices, and two different tunable parameters w and α have been introduced into the model to denote the extent of preferential learning and coupling strength among corresponding players, respectively. Huge quantities of Monte Carlo simulations indicate that, on the one hand, the fraction of cooperators at the stationary state can be greatly enhanced if the preference parameter w > 0, but the cooperation level can be reduced if w < 0; On the other hand, the interdependency between two-layered lattices will further enrich the evolution of cooperation, and the role of promotion becomes much more obvious when coupling strength w is zero or a small positive constant; while the interdependency will play a minor role when w ≥ 1 since the preference mechanism has driven the cooperation to arrive at a very high level. All these results can help us to further analyze and understand the evolution of cooperation within many real-world systems.