Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8268669 | Free Radical Biology and Medicine | 2015 | 14 Pages |
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and pharmacological blockade of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) has beneficial anti-akinetic effects in animal models of PD; however, the mechanism by which these antagonists alleviate PD symptoms is largely unknown. In our study, the effects of mGluR5 inhibition on DNA damage were investigated in a rotenone-induced model of PD. We first found that the selective mGluR5 antagonist, 2-methyl-6- (phenylethynyl) pyridine, prevented rotenone-induced DNA damage in MN9D dopaminergic neurons through a mechanism involving the downregulation of intracellular calcium release which was associated with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, the ROS-related mitochondrial dysfunction was accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant protein, Trx2. Treatment of cells with the calcium chelating agent 1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid or the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine, also reduced rotenone-induced DNA damage, while transfection of a dominant-negative form of Trx2 increased it. In addition, mGluR5 inhibition altered the expression profiles of proteins involved in DNA repair activity. Specifically, the expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and CREB, as well as APE1 and Rad51 were elevated after rotenone stimulation and were subsequently downregulated following blockade of mGluR5. These findings were confirmed in vivo in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD. Inhibition of mGluR5 protected against neurotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress-related DNA damage associated with 8-hydroxy-2â²-deoxyguanosine production and also reduced p-ERK activity and Trx2 expression. These findings provide a novel link between mGluR5 and DNA damage in a model of PD, and reveal a potential mechanism by which mGluR5 mediates DNA damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords
TRX2MMPPhospho-histone H2AXmGluR5MPEPDHPGERK8-OHdGγ-H2AX2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridineDMSOMAPKROS[Ca2+]iDNA damageBAPTAParkinson’s diseasetyrosine hydroxylaseDimethylsulfoxideendoplasmic reticulumMitochondrial membrane potentialmitogen-activated protein kinaseIntracellular calciumextracellular signal-regulated kinaseReactive oxygen speciesmetabotropic glutamate receptor 5
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Authors
Ning Xia, Qian Zhang, Shu Ting Wang, Li Gu, Hui Min Yang, Li Liu, Rachit Bakshi, Hui Yang, Hong Zhang,