Oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and the balance of protein degradation and protein synthesis

► Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant pathways in the nervous system are reviewed. ► A comprehensive outline of proteolytic pathways in the nervous system is provided. ► A detailed outline of how alterations in proteolysis inhibit or promote oxidative stress toxicity is also given. ► How the interplay between proteolysis and protein synthesis modulates oxidative stress is discussed.