Formation mechanism and characterization of nanostructured Ti6Al4V alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

In recent years, researches on properties of nanocrystalline materials in comparison with coarse-grained materials have attracted a great deal of attention. The present investigation has been based on production of nanocrystalline Ti6Al4V powder from elemental powders by means of high energy mechanical milling. In this regard, Ti, Al and V powders were milled for up to 90 h and heat treated at different temperatures. The structural and morphological changes of powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and microhardness measurements. The results demonstrated that Ti(Al) and Ti(Al, V) solid solutions with grain size of 95 and 20 nm respectively form during mechanical alloying. In addition, an amorphous structure was obtained at longer milling times. The crystallization of amorphous phase upon annealing led to the formation of nanostructured Ti6Al4V phase with a grain size of 20–50 nm. The as-milled Ti6Al4V powder with amorphous structure exhibited a high microhardness of ∼720 Hv. Upon crystallization the hardness value reduced to ∼630 Hv which is higher than those reported for Ti6Al4V alloys processed by conventional routes.

Graphical abstractThe present investigation has been based on production of nanocrystalline Ti6Al4V powder from elemental powders by means of high energy mechanical milling. The structural and morphological changes of powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and microhardness measurements.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Powder mixture of Ti, Al and V was subjected to mechanical alloying. ► Ti α phase stabilizer (Al) diffuses easier in Ti lattice during milling than β stabilizer (V). ► Solid solutions and amorphous phase formed were prone to grain growth by temperature elevation. ► Nanostructured Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated had crystalline size of 20–50 nm. ► The nanostructured alloy produced in current study possessed high microhardness (∼630 Hv).